Indian Education System History | Difference between New and old Education Policy
Education:-
Education is a fundamental necessity for achieving full human potential, developing a just and just society, and promoting national development. Providing universal access to quality education is the key to India's sustainable progress and economic development in terms of social justice and equality, scientific advancement, national integration, and cultural preservation on the global stage. Universal higher-level education is the proper medium through which the best development and enrichment of the rich talent and resources of the country can be done for the good of individuals, society, nations, and power.
History:-
Takshashila (in modern Pakistan) was probably the earliest recorded center of higher education in India from the 8th century BCE, Nalanda in the modern sense of the university was the oldest education system in the world. There all subjects were taught in the Ariano-Pali language.
Secular institutions emerged along with Buddhist monasteries. These institutions provided practical education, e.g. Medicine. In the period between 500 BC to 400 CE, many urban education centers began to appear increasingly. Important urban centers of education were Nalanda (in modern Bihar) and Mansa in Nagpur, Vikramshila in Bihar, Vallabhi in Kutch, etc. These institutions imparted knowledge systematically and attracted many foreign students to study subjects such as Buddhist Pali literature, logic, Pali grammar, Guru Chanakya was a trained teacher of ancient India, and also a teacher of Chandragupta. He was among the most famous teachers associated with the founding of the Maurya Empire.
Honor and Brahmin gurus historically offered education through donations rather than charging fees or purchasing money from students or their guardians. Later, stupas, temples also became centers of learning; Religious education was compulsory, but secular subjects were also taught. Students were required to be celibate. The knowledge in these orders often pertained to the tasks that a section of society had to perform. The priestly class, honorees were given knowledge of dharma, philosophy, and other ancillary branches, while the warrior class, the Kshatriyas, were trained in various aspects of warfare. The merchant class, the Vaishyas, were taught their trade and the working class of the Shudras was generally deprived of educational benefits.
After this passed time and the Indian education system underwent a lot of changes, the biggest change came during the British period when missionary schools were established during the 1820s.
Post- Independence:- The first Indian Institutes of Technology were established in the 1950s to promote technical education in India. Now, there are 23 IITs in India that are considered to be the premier engineering universities of the country. The Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan is aimed at free and compulsory education as a fundamental right to children between the ages of 6 and 14. The Right to Education Act was passed in 2009.
After the departure of the British, education has been gradually improving in India. The Indian education system has been reformed three times since 1947. in 1968, 1986, and 2020.
Literacy rate of neighborhood countries
UNESCO Literacy Rate ( 2015 )
In this table, you can see that the literacy rate of India is less than the world average.
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